علم الأحياء الدقيقة والطفيليات

علم الأحياء الدقيقة والطفيليات

• At the end of the term the students should be able to:
• a State the goals of studying Microbiology and Parasitology.
• a Identify the microbial agents, the basic morphological characteristics of each, and their life cycles.
• b Describe infectious diseases as to their pathogenesis, modes of transmission, and treatment.
• b Formulate specific preventive and control measures for the given diseases.
• b Translate the importance of microbial ecology and epidemiology in the nursing profession.
• b Cite, summarize and analyze the current findings and researches related to Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology.
• d Relate the goals of studying Microbiology and Parasitology to the Nursing profession.
• c Observe hygiene and cleanliness in the environment to prevent the occurrences of microorganisms and parasites.
• d Involve themselves in community activities in formulating specific preventive and control measures to contest the proliferation of infectious disease in the community.
• d Develop an awareness and understanding of biological health and safety risks.
• c Promote selfprotection
• c Follow work practices that reduce contact with biological hazards and decrease the chance of accidental illness or injury.
• c Demonstrate skills in the use and manipulation of the different apparatus and equipment used in the study of Microbiology and Parasitology.
• c Apply the proper ways of handling apparatus, equipment and specimens.
• c Employ the correct procedures in the collecting, handling and processing of different specimens.
• b Distinguish the suitable clinical specimen needed for diagnostic testing.
• b Choose the appropriate physical method and chemical agent given a situation where microbial control is required.
• d Practice the universal precautions in maintaining a sterile environment.

• Unit I: Introduction to the Science of Microbiology • Definition of Microbiology and Parasitology. • Branches of Microbiology. • History of Microbiology.
• 1 The First Observations The Spontaneous Generation Theory The Theory of Biogenesis
• Unit II: Microbial Control
• Physical Control
• Heat
• Dry
• Incineration
• Direct Flaming
• Hot Air Sterilization
• Desiccation d.Moist .
• Autoclaving d2 Boiling.
• Pasteurization e.Cold
• Freezing .
• Refrigeration .
• Lyophilization
• Radiation
• Mechanical
• Filtration
• Sedimentation/Decantation
• Chemical Control
• disruption of Cell Membrane
• Modification of Proteins
• Modification of Nucleic Acids
• Destruction of Ribosomes
• Unit III: Cell Structure and Taxonomy:
• Taxonomy (1 hour) Kingdoms of Animal Life Hierarchy of Taxonomic Order Scientific Naming
• Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes The Prokaryotes (3 hours) Bacterial Cell Structure Bacterial Growth Phases of Bacterial Growth Physical and Nutritional Requirements for Bacterial Growth
• Microbial Genetics (1 hour) Bacterial Genetics Genetic Engineering Gene Therapy The Eukaryotes (3 hours) Fungi Algae Protozoa Helminthes
• The Acellular Infectious Agents (1 hour) Viruses Viroids Prions Unit IV: Microbial Ecology and Epidemiology
• a) Symbiotic Relationships among Organisms Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Mutual Antagonism Opportunistic Microbes
• b) Interactions among Pathogens, Hosts, and the Environment
• i) Chain of Infection Normal Microbiota Modes of Transmission
• c) Nosocomial Infections
• Unit V: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenecity
• 1) Definition of Terms Related to Pathogenecity Signs vs. Symptoms of Diseases . Contagious Diseases Local vs. Systemic Infections Chronic vs. Acute Infections Primary vs. Secondary Infections Latent Infections Virulence and Virulence Factors 2) Steps in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases Entry Attachment Multiplication Invasion/Spread Evasion of Host Defenses Damage to Host Tissues
• Unit VI: Host Defense Mechanisms
• a) Immunology Non Specific Defences First Line of Defence Phagocytosis b) Specific Defences Cell Mediated Immunity Humoral Immunity
• c) Types of Acquired Immunity Applications of Immunology Vaccination Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI)
• Unit VII: Infectious Diseases: Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, and Parasitic Infections of Humans I. Skin a) Bacterial (2 hours) Leprosy Acne Anthrax Gas Gangrene Staphylococcal Skin Infections (folliculitis, furuncle, carbuncle, scalded skin syndrome) scarlet fever, necrotizing fasciitis, erysipelas) b) Viral (1 hour) Chicken pox/shingles German Measles Measles Smallpox Warts c) Fungal (5 hours) Superficial mycoses Cutaneous mycoses Subcutaneous mycoses d) Parasitic (5 hour) Filariasis Hookworm dermatitis Onchocerciasis II. Respiratory i) Bacterial (3 hours) Diphtheria Strep throat Pneumonia Tuberculosis Pertussis Legionellosis ii) Viral (1 hour) Common colds Acute, Febrile, Viral Respiratory Disease Influenza Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Avian Flu iii) Fungal (1 hour) Coccidiocomycosis Histoplasmosis Pneumocystis Pneumonia Cryptococcosis iv) Parasitic (1) Paragonimiasis Ascaris Pneumonitis III. Gastrointestinal i) Bacterial (3 hours) Shigellosis Bacterial Gastritis/Ulcers Campylobacter Enteritis Cholera Salmonellosis Typhoid Fever Leptospirosis Enteropathogenic E. coli infection Enterotoxigenic E. coli infection Enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection Enteroinvasive E. coli infection Food Poisoning (Botulism, Staphylococcal Food Poisoning and Intoxication, Clostridium perfringens infections) ii) Viral (3 hours) Viral gastroenteritis Hepatitis A and E Adenovirus infection Norwalk viral infection Astrovirus infection Rotavirus infection Corona virus infection iii) Fungal (3 hours) Ergotism Aflatoxin poisoning Mycotoxin poisonong iv) Parasitic Amoebiasis Giardiasis Ascariasis Hookworm infection Enterobiasis Trichuriasis Strongyloidiasis Beef tapeworm infection Dwarf tapeworm infection Fish tapeworm infection Pork tapeworm infection Rat tapeworm infection Schistosomiasis Fascioliasis Fasciolopsiasis Clonorchiasis IV. Genitourinary Tract i) Bacterial (2 hours) Gonorrhea NonGonococcal Urethritis Syphilis Bacterial vaginosis ii) Viral (3 hours) HIV/AIDS Genital warts Herpes iii) Fungal (1 hour) Candidiasis Tinea cruris iv) Parasitic Trichomoniasis E. Histolytica infection Pediculosis Scabies V. Blood borne/Vector borne i) Bacterial (5 hour) Rickettsia ii) Viral (3 hours) HIV/AIDS Hepatitis B, C, D, and G Viral Hemorrhagic Fever iii) Parasitic (5 hours) Malaria Toxoplasmosis Leishmaniasis Filariasis VI. Central Nervous System i) Bacterial (1 hour) Meningitis Listeriosis Tetanus ii) Viral (1 hour) Poliomyelitis Rabies Viral encephalitis iii) Fungal (1 hour) Cryptococcus meningitis iv) Parasitic Acanthamoeba Naegleria Cerebral Malaria Trypanosomiasis Cysticercosis Hydatidosis

• Burton, G. and Engelkirk, P. Burton’s Microbiology for the Health Sciences 8th ed. USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2007.
• Alcamo, E. I. Fundamentals of Microbiology 6th ed. Boston: Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2001.
• Belizario, V.Y Jr. and W. U. De Leon. Philippine Textbook of Parasitology, 2nd ed. Manila: Publications Program, 2002
• Boston: Mc Graw Hill, 2007.
• Funke, B. Microbiology: An Introduction. USA: Addison Wesley Publishing Co., 2007.
• Mcpherson, R. A. and Matthew R. P. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods 21st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc., 2007.
• Murray, P. R. et. al. Medical Microbiology 5th ed. USA: Mosby, 2005.
• Pommerville, J. Alcamo’s Fundamentals of Microbiology 8th ed. USA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2006.
• Presscott, L., J. Harley and D. Klein. Microbiology 6th ed. USA: McGrawHill Science, 2004.
• Tortora, G., B. Funke and C. Case. Microbiology: An Introduction 9th ed. USA: Benjamin Cummings, 2006.
• http://medic.med.uth.tmc.edu/path/00001450.htm
• http://www.microbes.info http://www.splammo.net/JLbactsite.htm
• http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/book/parasitsta.htm http://www.ksu.edu/parasitology