كيمياء حيوية

كيمياء حيوية

• At the end of the term the students should be able to:
• a State the goals of studying Biochemistry.
• b Compare and contrast the different biomolecules with regard to their structure and properties.
• b Relate the properties of the biomolecule to the pathogenesis of a metabolic abnormality.
• b Discuss some related research updates on each of the major topics of this course.
• c Teach the community on the importance of the biomolecules and cite some of its important food resources.
• c Utilize the general laboratory precautions to avoid any laboratory accidents and prevent the course of health hazards from the exposure to chemicals.
• c Draw the chemical structure of the most commonly medically encountered biomolecule.
• c Perform experiments with caution and care, following the procedures properly, as stated in the laboratory manual.
• d Research on updates of biochemistry and discuss it to the class.

• Chapter 1: Overview of Biochemistry History of Biochemistry Overview of the Biomolecules Overview of Cellular Process
• Chapter 2A: Carbohydrates Types of carbohydrates Monosaccharides Stereoisomers and Stereochemistry Biologically Important Monosaccharides Biologically Important Disaccharides Polysaccharides Clinical Significance a. Tooth Decay and Simple Sugars Blood Transfusions and the Bloods Group Antigens Monosaccharide Derivatives and Heteropolysaccharides of Medical Interest
• Chapter 2B: Carbohydrate Metabolism Overview of Catalytic Processes Glycolysis Fermentations The
• Pentose Phosphate Pathway Gluconeogenesis: The Synthesis of Glucose Glycogen Synthesis and Degradation
• Chapter 3A: Lipids and Their Functions in Biochemical Systems Biological Functions of Lipids Fatty Acids Glycerides Nonglyceride Lipids Complex Lipids The Structure of Biological Membranes Clinical Significance Disorders of Sphingolipid Metabolsim:
• a. Steroid and the Treatment of Heart Diseases.
• b. Liposome Delivery System.
• c. Antibiotics that Destroy Membrane Integtrity
• Chapter 3B: Fatty Acid Metabolism
• Lipid Metabolism Fatty Acid Degradation. Ketone Bodies. Fatty Acid Synthesis. The Regulation of Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism. The Effects of Insulin and Glucagon on Cellular Metabolism. Clinical Significance: a. Obesity. b. Diabetes Mellitus.
• Chapter 4: Protein Structure and Function
• Cellular Functions of Proteins The AlphaAmino acids The Peptide Bond The Primary Structure of Proteins The Secondary Structure of Proteins The Tertiary Structure of Proteins The Quaternary Structure of Proteins An Overview of Protein Structure and Function Myoglobin and Hemoglobin Denaturation of Proteins Dietary Protein and Protein Digestion Clinical Significance: a. The opium poppy and Peptides in Brain.
• b. Collagen:
• a Protein that Holds us Together.
• c. Immunoglobulins Chapter
• 5: Aerobic Respiration and Energy Production
• The Mitochondria Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl coA An Overview of Aerobic Respiration The Citric Acid Cycle (The Kreb’s Cycle) Control of the Citric Acid Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation The Degradation of Amino Acids The Urea Cycle Overview of Anabolism: The Citric Acid Cycle as the Source of Biosynthetic Intermediates Chapter 6: Enzymes Nomenclature and Classification The Effect of Enzymes on the Activation Energy of a Reaction The Effect of Substrate Concentration on EnzymeCatalyzed Reactions The EnzymeSubstrate Complex Specificity of the EnzymeSubstrate Complex The Transition State and Product Formation Cofactors and Coenzymes Environmental Effects Regulation and Inhibition of Enzyme Activity Proteolytic Enzymes Uses of Enzymes in Medicine Clinical Significance:
• a. HIV Protease Inhibitors and Pharmaceutical Drug Design.
• b. Enzymes, Nerve Transmission, and Nerve Agents.
• c. Alpha1 Antitrypsin and Familial Emphysema.
• d. Enzymes, Isoenzymes and Myocardial Infarction
• Chapter 7: Introduction to Molecular Genetics. The Structure of the Nucleotide The Structure of DNA and RNA DNA Replication Information Flow in Biological Systems The Genetic Code Protein Synthesis Mutation, Ultraviolet Light and DNA Repair Recombinant DNA PCR Clinical Significance a. AIDS virus.
• b. The Ames test for Carcinogens
• c. Familial Emphysema: Genetic Approach

• Dennison, Topping and Caret. General Organic and Biochemistry. NY: McGraw Hill. 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry http://www.biochemistry.org/ http://www.biochemistry.ucr.edu/